Urinalysis, Complete with Microscopic Examination

What is the purpose of this test?

The Urinalysis, Complete with Microscopic Examination is a comprehensive urine test that evaluates various components of urine to detect potential health issues. This test analyzes physical, chemical, and microscopic properties to assess kidney function, hydration levels, and the presence of infections, inflammation, or systemic diseases. By measuring different substances in the urine, this test can help identify conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney disease, diabetes, and liver disorders.

A microscopic examination is automatically performed when certain abnormalities are found in the initial urinalysis. This detailed analysis can detect white blood cells, red blood cells, bacteria, crystals, and other substances that may indicate infection, kidney stones, or other urinary tract conditions. Doctors commonly use this test for routine health screenings, diagnosing specific symptoms, or monitoring existing medical conditions.

The Urinalysis, Complete with Microscopic Examination includes:

• Specific Gravity: Measures urine concentration and hydration levels, indicating kidney function and potential dehydration.
• pH: Assesses the body's acid-base balance; abnormal levels may lead to kidney stones or indicate metabolic disorders.
• Color: Dark-colored urine may suggest dehydration, liver issues, or blood in the urine, while light urine may indicate overhydration.
• Appearance: Cloudy urine may be due to infection, white blood cells, or contaminants such as lotions or powders.
• WBC Esterase:The presence of white blood cells in urine typically suggests a urinary tract infection (UTI) or kidney inflammation.
• Protein: Elevated protein levels can be a sign ofkidney disease or urinary tract issues.
• Glucose:The presence of glucose in urine may indicate diabetes or high blood sugar levels.
• Ketones: Ketones appear in urine when the body burns fat for energy, which can be due to diabetes, fasting, or a high-protein diet.
• Occult Blood: Blood in the urine can result from kidney disease, urinary tract infections, or menstrual contamination.
• Bilirubin: A waste product from the liver; its presence may signal liver disease or bile duct issues.
• Urobilinogen: A byproduct of bilirubin, indicating potential liver dysfunction.
• Nitrite: Usually caused by bacteria, the presence of nitrites in urine may indicate a bacterial infection.

Microscopic examination includes:

• White Blood Cells (WBC): An indicator of infection or inflammation in the urinary tract.
• Red Blood Cells (RBC):May suggest kidney disease, trauma, or other urinary tract disorders.
• Epithelial Cells: Elevated levels may indicate urinary tract infections or kidney conditions.
• Crystals: Formed due to imbalances in pH or urine concentration, crystals may lead to kidney stones.
• Casts: Cylindrical structures that help detect various kidney diseases.
• Mucus: May be present due to infections, STDs, or kidney disease.
• Bacteria: Bacterial presence suggests a UTI, though contamination should be ruled out.

Who should get this test?

• Individuals experiencing painful urination, frequent urination, or cloudy urine
• Those with a history of urinary tract infections (UTIs) or kidney stones
• People with diabetes, high blood pressure, or kidney disease who need regular monitoring
• Those with unexplained swelling, fatigue, or dark-colored urine
• Individuals undergoing a routine health check-up or pre-surgical evaluation
• People who suspect dehydration, liver problems, or metabolic disorders

When should I order the Urinalysis, Complete with Microscopic Examination?

Individuals may consider ordering this test if they have symptoms or exposure concerns related to kidney or urinary tract health.

Symptoms to consider:

• Pain or burning sensation during urination
• Frequent urge to urinate or difficulty urinating
• Cloudy, dark, or foul-smelling urine
• Swelling in the hands, feet, or around the eyes
• Unexplained fever, fatigue, or back pain
• Blood in the urine or severe abdominal discomfort

If you have these symptoms or suspect kidney or urinary tract issues, the Urinalysis, Complete with Microscopic Examination can provide useful information to guide you and your doctor in diagnosing and managing your health.