Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Autoantibody Blood Test

What are GAD autoantibodies?

Diabetes is a disease that develops either when the body is not able to make or use insulin appropriately. As a result, the body generates too much blood glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream. 

The two primary types of diabetes are: 

• Type 1: It happens when the body cannot produce insulin. It is commonly referred to as juvenile diabetes because it is found mainly in children and teenagers. However, type 1 diabetes also affects adults.
• Type 2: It happens when the body cannot make enough insulin or doesn't use it as it should. Although type 2 diabetes is primarily found in adults, many children and teenagers are diagnosed with it.

GAD Autoantobodies, also known as GAD-65 Autoantibodies, are diabetes-related antibodies that target insulin-producing pancreatic cells. GAD autoantibodies in people with diabetes suggest they have autoimmune diabetes (type 1 diabetes). Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease since the lack of insulin stems from an immune response that destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Approximately 70-80% of individuals with new-onset type 1 diabetes have GAD autoantibodies. Therefore, a positive result for GAD autoantibodies in asymptomatic individuals or those with a family history may suggest an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes.

What is the purpose of this test?

Order this Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Autoantibody Blood Test to detect autoantibodies that target insulin-producing pancreatic cells to help confirm the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and evaluate the need for insulin treatment.

When should I order a Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Autoantibody Blood Test?

Individuals may order this test if they have experienced symptoms related to type 1 diabetes. Signs or symptoms of type 1 diabetes may include:

• Dry mouth
• Frequent urination
• Constant hunger
• Fatigue