Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Acute Infection Antibodies Profile Blood Test

This Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Acute Infection Antibodies Profile Blood Test includes:

• EBV-VCA, IgG
• EBV-VCA, IgM
• Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen Antibodies (EBNA); Interpretation

What is the purpose of this test?

Order this Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Acute Infection Antibodies Profile Blood Test, which helps diagnose infectious mononucleosis (mono) and evaluate an individual's susceptibility to EBV. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a viral infection that typically causes mild to moderate symptoms. EBV causes a widespread infection. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most individuals in the United States are infected by EBV at some point. The virus is very contagious and quickly passes from person to person. It is present in the saliva of an infected individual and can be spread through close contact, such as kissing and sharing utensils or cups.

After initial exposure to EBV, there are several weeks before associated symptoms may appear, called the incubation period. During the acute primary infection, the virus multiplies in number. A decrease follows this in viral numbers and resolution of symptoms, but the virus never completely disappears. Latent EBV remains in the person's body for the rest of that person's life and may reactivate but usually causes few problems unless the individual's immune system becomes compromised due to an illness like cancer or HIV/AIDS.

EBV infects most individuals in childhood with no symptoms. However, when the initial infection occurs in adolescence, it can lead to infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono. This severe condition occurs in about 25% of infected teens and young adults and usually resolves within a month or two.

This test helps detect three different types of EBV antibodies. The antibodies are proteins the body produces in an immune response to several different EBV antigens. During a primary EBV infection, the level of each EBV antibody increases and decreases at various times as the infection progresses. Monitoring these antibodies in the blood can aid in diagnosis and normally provides the healthcare provider with insight regarding the stage of infection and whether it is a current, recent, or past infection.

When should I order an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Acute Infection Antibodies Profile Blood Test?

Individuals may order this test if they have experienced symptoms related to mono. Common signs and symptoms associated with mono include:

• Extreme weakness or fatigue
• Fever
• Headache
• Sore throat
• Swollen lymph glands in the neck or armpits
• Enlarged spleen or liver