Coccidioides Serology Blood Test Panel

What is the purpose of this test?

The Coccidioides Serology Blood Test Panel is designed to detect specific antibodies in the blood that indicate Coccidioides infections, also known as Valley fever. Coccidioides fungi are found in the soil of certain regions, and inhaling their spores can lead to respiratory infections. This comprehensive panel typically includes tests to identify the immune response to these fungal infections, such as IgG and IgM antibodies.

1. Antibodies Detected:
   • IgG Antibodies: Indicate a current or past infection and help to determine the immune response to Coccidioides.
   • IgM Antibodies: Indicate a recent infection and help to detect an early immune response to Coccidioides.
2. Methodologies:
   • Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA): Commonly used to detect the presence of antibodies in the blood.
   • Complement Fixation (CF): Measures the level of antibodies in the blood by mixing patient serum with Coccidioides antigens and complement proteins, detecting specific immune responses.
   • Immunodiffusion (ID): Identifies specific antibodies against fungal antigens by placing patient serum in a gel with Coccidioides antigens and forming visible lines (precipitin lines) to confirm the presence of antibodies.

Note: Not all labs use all three methods. The specific tests included in the panel may vary by laboratory.

During the test, a blood sample is collected from your arm and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The tests measure the level of antibodies in your blood and specifically detect antibodies against fungal antigens. Positive results indicate exposure to Coccidioides and the development of antibodies, suggesting a current or past infection with Valley fever. This information helps healthcare providers confirm the diagnosis of Valley fever and determine appropriate treatment options, typically involving antifungal medications to manage the infection effectively.

Who Should Get This Test?

The Coccidioides Serology Blood Test Panel is helpful for the following people:

• Individuals living in or traveling to areas where Coccidioides is commonly found, such as the Southwestern United States.
• People with symptoms suggestive of coccidioidomycosis, such as fever, cough, chest pain, and fatigue.
• Patients with a history of exposure to dust or soil in endemic areas.
• Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or taking immunosuppressive medications.

When Should I Order This Test?

A Coccidioides Serology Blood Test Panel should be ordered when a person is suspected of having been exposed to the fungus called Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii, which can cause an illness called coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever. Symptoms of coccidioidomycosis may include:

• Fever
• Cough
• Chest pain
• Muscle aches
• Joint pain
• Fatigue